Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare form of mesothelioma that accounts for approximately 20% of all mesothelioma cases. Peritoneal mesothelioma affects the tissue lining the abdomen which is called the peritoneum hence the name of this form of the cancer. The peritoneum protects the contents of the abdomen and is therefore very important.

Currently, only one cause of peritoneal mesothelioma is known and this is exposure to asbestos dust and fibres. Only a couple of months of exposure to asbestos without sufficient protection can lead to peritoneal mesothelioma thirty to fifty years later. Those suffering from peritoneal mesothelioma are mostly elderly men who worked amongst asbestos decades ago when workers were not protected from asbestos dust. Many of these men are currently lodging multi-million dollar lawsuits against the companies who exposed them to asbestos. Asbestos fibres can get into the peritoneum in two different ways. The most common way they reach the peritoneum is by them getting trapped in the trachea (windpipe) and bronchi (inside the lungs) by mucus and end up being swallowed. From here they can pass through the intestine wall into the peritoneum. The second way in which asbestos fibres can reach the peritoneum is by them lodging inside the lungs. They then move into the lymphatic system and get transported to the peritoneum. Constant exposure to asbestos leads to a great number of fibres being built up in the peritoneum.


The symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma are generally only felt when the cancer has developed greatly. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting, weight loss, abdominal pains and loss of appetite. As the cancer matures, the symptoms will become more pronounced and severe. To learn more about the symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma.

There are several treatments for peritoneal mesothelioma although all of them have a poor success rate. The likelihood of a patient surviving depends on how early and aggressively the cancer is treated. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery are the most commonly used methods of treatment. Research into the treatment of peritoneal mesothelioma is being conducted in research stations in the United States and by many pharmaceutical companies.


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Mesothelioma is a form of cancer which is being discovered more and more frequently in elderly men. The most common cause of mesothelioma is from asbestos exposure and affects the membrane of many of the most vital internal organs such as the lungs and heart. Mesothelioma is particularly hard to diagnose because it shows similar symptoms to many other more common diseases.

The most common form of mesothelioma is called pleural mesothelioma. This type of mesothelioma accounts for 75% of all mesothelioma cases. Pleural mesothelioma affects the lining of the lungs and has symptoms such as chest pain, coughing, breathing and swallowing difficulties, shortness of breath, wheezing and weight loss. These symptoms apply to many less serious diseases but anyone with signs of these symptoms are strongly advised to consult their doctor as soon as possible.

A less common form of mesothelioma is peritoneal mesothelioma and this form of the cancer affects the abdomen. The tissue lining the abdomen is called the peritoneum and this is what is affected. Peritoneal mesothelioma accounts for 20% of all mesothelioma cases. The symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma are weight loss, abdominal pains, loss of appetite, weakness, nausea, and abdominal swelling. These symptoms become more and more severe as the cancer develops. To learn more about these symptoms go to http://www.1-mesothelioma.co.uk

Those who are exposed to asbestos or have been exposed have a risk of obtaining mesothelioma. It is important that mesothelioma is diagnosed in its early stages so that it can be treated quickly and aggressively. The earlier it is discovered, the more likely the treatment will be successful.



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Mesothelioma is a form of cancer that is becoming more and more common. The most common cause of this cancer is exposure to asbestos. When constantly exposed with insufficient protection, asbestos dust and fibres affect the mesothelial cells which make up the mesothelium. The mesothelium is the outer lining that protects some of the body’s most vital organs such as the heart and lungs. The mesothelial cells become abnormal after lengthy periods of constant exposure to asbestos causing an array of problems.

Due to the latency period and symptoms of this cancer, mesothelioma is very difficult to diagnose. Mesothelioma takes decades to mature and develop fully and this is why many elderly men who were exposed to asbestos thirty years before are just discovering they have the cancer. A lot of these men are currently lodging multi-million dollar lawsuits against the companies that exposed them to the dangers of asbestos without sufficient protection.

The organs that are affected most by mesothelioma are the lungs. The most common type of mesothelioma which is called pleural mesothelioma affects the lining of the lungs and can cause symptoms such as coughing, breathing and swallowing difficulties, shortness of breath and fever. Another area that can be affected by mesothelioma is the abdomen. This is less common and this is known as peritoneal mesothelioma. Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma include nausea and vomiting, weight loss, fever, bowel obstruction, loss of appetite and general pain in the stomach area. The last and least common type of mesothelioma is known as pericardial mesothelioma and it affects the heart and the tissue surrounding it. Symptoms of this form of the cancer include palpitations, breathing difficulties and persistent coughing. Generally, the symptoms of mesothelioma are typical of many other diseases and this makes it very difficult to diagnose.

There are treatments for mesothelioma although these are usually unsuccessful. If the cancer is treated aggressively in its early stages then there is a good chance of a patient surviving. However, due to the difficulty to diagnose mesothelioma, the cancer is not normally found until it is too late. Treatments that are used for mesothelioma include surgery, radiation therapy, palliative therapy and chemotherapy. Research for additional treatment of mesothelioma is being done at various cancer centers all over the United States as well as by pharmaceutical companies. For more information on the treatment of mesothelioma go to http://www.1-mesothelioma.co.uk/treatment.html



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Mesothelioma is just one of the diseases that people can develop after prolonged asbestos exposure. It is a type of cancer that affects the mesothelial cells which cover the outer surface of most of the body's internal body organs. This is caused by the exposure to asbestos which was around quite a lot in certain areas before it was banned. It could have been contracted in a number of ways from simply breathing it in to picking it up second hand from other people's clothing, hair or skin.

Mesothelioma can take various different forms and can develop in the tissues covering the lungs or abdomen. The most common type diagnosed is pleural mesothelioma which affects the tissues lining the lungs, called the pleura. Fortunately, it is unusual for this disease to spread to other parts of the body. When it does, it doesn't usually cause any problematic symptoms.

Most people who develop mesothelioma will have worked in jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles. The most commonly affected trades were dockers, roofers, plumbers, electricians, shipyard workers and power station workers. However, it is possible for someone to contract the illness even if they have never had direct asbestos exposure. For example, family members may have breathed in the dust particles from the clothing of someone who worked with it.

There are various different symptoms that people can look out for if they know there is a chance they could have mesothelioma. Shortness of breath, a prolonged cough, chest pain, weight loss, abdominal swelling and fever are just some of the signs to look out for. These symptoms may not start showing until 20 to 50 years after asbestos exposure, however which is why many people don't realize what it is at the time.

Diagnosing mesothelioma can be very difficult because the symptoms are similar to many other conditions. For this reason it is extremely important that doctors are made aware of any history to asbestos exposure so they know what to look out for. In order to make a proper diagnosis, a physical examination, a chest x - ray and lung function tests will be performed in order to see if there is any pleural thickening, which is common among those who worked around asbestos. If anything suspicious is found a biopsy will be performed so that a diagnosis can be confirmed and treatment can begin.

Many people have enlisted the help of an asbestos lawyer in order to claim compensation against asbestos manufacturers. The first lawsuit was in 1929 and since then people have successfully won billions of dollars from these companies who neglected to implement safety measures to protect workers against exposure. Mesothelioma Attorneys often take some good percentage of the compensation so watch out before you go ahead and hire any one.

Peritoneal mesothelioma, the rarer of the two forms, can lead to swelling, abdominal pain due to fluid buildup in the abdomen cavity, weight. The other more common pleural mesothelioma symptoms include chest pain and difficulty breathing. Other symptoms often noted among patients include weight loss, fever, cough and night sweats. Also occasionally a patient may be diagnosed with pleural mesothelioma before any symptoms manifest.

A misdiagnosed disease is often an opportunity for the disease to grow in the body. The only way to diagnose mesothelioma is to take a series of tests to discover if the disease is present. A common minimum link to determine the disease is finding the patients proximity to asbestos related environment for 15 - 50 years. If so then image scans can help diagnose the disease. Commonly these include taking a chest x-ray which will show a picture of the lungs to determine if there are any abnormal changes.

A CT scan, computer tomography, is a type of x-ray that uses a computer rather than film to display its images. It can be used to show three-dimensional representations of the relevant parts of the body.

The final type of imaging that may be used is an MRI scan, or magnetic resonance imaging. In an MRI, magnetism is used in conjunction with the computer to create clear images of your body.

If your doctor finds an unusual mass during the imaging process, they are most likely going to take a tissue sample (biopsy), or draw fluid from it to determine what type of tissue it is. Typically a needle is used to draw a small amount of fluid from the tissue. If the results are not able to rule out the condition completely, the next step would normally be to insert a small tube which is attached to a camera and to take a small piece of the tissue remotely. In some cases a more extensive surgical procedure may be needed in order to get a good sample of the tissue. The extreme complicated nature of the disease and fatal nature of the disease often arouses fear in a patients mind.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the newer lung cancer treatment options available today. Lung cancers are sometimes inoperable, particularly when they are situated in the bronchi or trachea. Similarly, cancers that have spread from other parts of the body to the bronchi cannot be removed surgically. In such cases, photodynamic therapy offers a safe and effective treatment option.

In a best-case scenario, PDT is used as a curative therapy that can eliminate the cancer completely. In many patients, PDT is employed as a palliative lung cancer treatment meant to provide relief from symptoms even though it does not cure the cancer.

Photodynamic therapy can effectively relieve symptoms like breathing difficulties from obstructions in the bronchi or trachea. In some patients, tumors block the airways and can cause coughing, breathing difficulties, pneumonia and bleeding. PDT may be used in such cases depending on the location, size and stage of the tumor.

PDT destroys cancer cells using a laser. To ensure that only cancerous cells are destroyed, a special drug is used to make the cancer cells more sensitive to this treatment while leaving normal cells intact.

There are three steps involved in the process of lung cancer treatment using PDT. In stage one, a drug called photofrin is injected intravenously. This drug has the property of making body cells very sensitive to light. Normal, healthy cells eliminate photofrin, but cancerous cells are unable to do so and the drug is retained in such cells.

In the second stage of PDT, about forty to fifty hours after the injection is given, a flexible tube is inserted into the bronchia. This tube contains a red laser of low intensity. The cancer cells exposed to this laser are destroyed.

In the third and final stage, about two days after the laser light exposure, a bronchoscopy is done to get rid of the dead cancer cells and mucus from the bronchi or trachea.

A patient can benefit from photodynamic therapy only if his or her cancer is situated in a location that is accessible to a bronchoscope. Also, the tumor must be large enough so that the bronchoscope can easily detect it. This means that some cancers like those located outside the bronchial passages cannot be treated with PDT.

Lung cancer treatment with PDT offers almost no dangerous side effects, unlike other treatment methods. Photosensitivity is about the only side effect that lasts for a while. Since photofrin makes cells sensitive to light, the patient may experience heightened light sensitivity for a period of four to eight weeks after the treatment.

During this time, even normal exposure to sunlight can result in severe sunburn. For this reason, patients who have undergone PDT are advised not to venture out into the sun for about eight weeks after their lung cancer treatment. In contrast to photodynamic therapy, major surgery done to eliminate lung cancer usually poses much greater risks.

Many tumors that are inoperable because of their location are prime candidates for treatment with PDT. When used as a palliative, this type of lung cancer treatment offers almost immediate relief.

NEW YORK -- INNOVIVE Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (OTCBB:IVPH), a biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Manhattan, announced today that a Phase I clinical trial investigating INNO-305 in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has enrolled its first patient. The trial is being conducted by Lee Krug, M.D., of the Thoracic Oncology Service, and Peter Maslak, M.D., of the Leukemia Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York.

The study is an open label fixed dose trial and will study the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy of INNO-305. The vaccine will be tested in patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors for which there is evidence of WT1 expression.

INNO-305 was invented by David A. Scheinberg, M.D., Ph.D., Chairman of the Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Dr. Scheinberg notes that pre-clinical research has demonstrated promising characteristics with significant potential as a cancer therapeutic.

INNO-305, a WT1 peptide therapeutic vaccine, is unique among WT1 peptide immunotherapies because of its ability to stimulate both CD8 and CD4 T-cells. It is believed that stimulating both types of T-cells may result in a more robust and ubiquitous immune response. As an added measure, INNO-305 utilizes an approach in which the wild-type WT1 peptide sequences are altered to improve the ability of the drug to activate T-cells.

Clinical studies with other WT1 peptide immunotherapies have already shown promising results in patients with AML and other cancers. By using modified, non-natural peptides that stimulate both CD4 and CD8 T-cells, INNO-305 may offer an advantage over other WT1 peptide immunotherapy approaches.

"With the initiation of the INNO-305 trial, Innovive now has three clinical stage oncology compounds. We have taken significant strides over the last twelve months and continue to build a meaningful oncology portfolio," said Steven Kelly, President and CEO, Innovive Pharmaceuticals.

Innovive licensed worldwide development rights for INNO-305 in January 2006 from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York.

About INNOVIVE Pharmaceuticals

Innovive Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a public biopharmaceutical company headquartered in New York, N.Y. The company's mission is to acquire, develop and commercialize novel therapeutics addressing significant unmet medical needs in the fields of oncology and hematology. For additional information visit www.innovivepharma.com.

This press release contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause INNOVIVE's actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results and expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations, forecasts and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which could cause actual outcomes and results to differ materially from these statements. Among other things, there can be no assurances that any of INNOVIVE's development efforts relating to its product candidates will be successful. Other risks that may affect forward-looking information contained in this press release include the possibility of being unable to obtain regulatory approval of INNOVIVE's product candidates, the risk that the results of clinical trials may not support INNOVIVE's claims, INNOVIVE's reliance on third party researchers to develop its product candidates and its lack of experience in developing pharmaceutical products. These and other risks are discussed in INNOVIVE's Registration Statement on Form 10 filed with the SEC. INNOVIVE assumes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

LOS GATOS, Calif. -- Mesothelioma Lawyer Attorney.com today launched the industry's first directory of mesothelioma lawyers, mesothelioma attorneys and mesothelioma doctors, designed to help victims of mesothelioma find qualified legal and medical help.

Mesothelioma, a form of cancer that is almost always caused by previous exposure to asbestos, causes malignant cells to develop in the lining around the lungs, heart, and abdominal cavities. Most people who develop mesothelioma cancer have worked careers where they inhaled asbestos dust, or have been exposed to asbestos particles and fibers in other ways, such as by home renovation or by washing the clothes of a family member who worked with asbestos.

The mesothelioma lawyer, attorney and doctor directory also provides members of the legal and medical field the opportunity to reach and aid more victims of mesothelioma. The directory's top ranking on Google, MSN, Yahoo and other major search engines, ensures that mesothelioma lawyers, attorneys and doctors listed in the directory are seen by the website's 3,000 daily visitors.

"Thank you for helping me find a good mesothelioma attorney," said recent website visitor George Trent. "After a short phone consultation, they came all the way out to my house in New Jersey and showed me exactly how they were going to help."

If you or someone you love is suffering from mesothelioma cancer, you have certain legal rights that you need to know about. One way to take a stand against the asbestos industry, that put their profits ahead of your health, is to take legal action against them. You are entitled to financial compensation for your pain and suffering, but if you hesitate, you may lose your chance for justice due to your states' statute of limitation laws.

* Context.-Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated in diverse human cancers and plays a critical role in tumor cell survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and inhibition of apoptosis. The phosphorylated active form of STAT3 (pSTAT3) mediates its effects via nuclear transcriptional activity. However, it was recently observed that the nonphosphorylated, cytoplasmic, inactive form of STAT3 is involved in cell motility and consequently tumor invasion. It appears that, although STAT3 is not absolutely required for tumor formation, tumors that develop in the presence of STAT3 become dependent on its expression for their survival, making it a potential therapeutic target.

Objective.-To investigate the possible utility of STAT3 as a future therapeutic target in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and malignant mesothelioma (MM).

Design.-Immunohistochemical expression of MIB-1, STAT3, and pSTAT3 was assessed in 303 NSCLC and 44 MM archival cases.

Results.-A more conspicuous expression of inactive STAT3 (91.44% in NSCLC and 79.5% in MM cases) was present compared with the nuclear activated form pSTAT3 (60.53% in NSCLC and 61.4% in MM cases). MIB-1 did not correlate with the expression of STAT3 or pSTAT3.

Conclusions.-The strong expression of cytoplasmic inactive STAT3 in NSCLC and MM cases implies a major role for STAT3 in tumor motility, invasion, and metastasis via a nontranscriptional pathway. We conclude that STAT3 and pSTAT3 are up-regulated in a high percentage of NSCLCs and MMs, regardless of tumor type, age, sex, smoking status, stage and grade of tumor, or survival, providing a basis for therapeutic intervention.

(Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007;131:1350-1360)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are latent cytoplasmic molecules (Figure 1, A), which are activated in response to many cytokines (eg, interleukin 6) and growth factor signals1 (eg, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor) (Figure 1, B) and have the ability to transduce a signal from a cell surface receptor into the nucleus and promote the transcription of specific genes. Although these transcription factors are often not mutated themselves, their overactivation by mutations in other genes leads to the gene expression changes that are hallmarks of malignant disease. The activation of cytoplasmic, latent STATs is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation (Figure 1, C), which induces dimerization (Figure 1, D) via interaction between 2 STAT molecules.2 Many tyrosine kinases including Janus kinases (Figure 1, E) and receptor tyrosine kinases (Figure 1, F) can mediate phosphorylation (activation) of STAT proteins. Activated STATs are translocated to the nucleus (Figure 1, G), where they bind to consensus sequences on the promoter of target genes and activate their transcription2 (Figure 1, H). In normal cells, STAT tyrosine phosphorylation is transient, lasting from minutes to several hours, and the tyrosine dephosphorylated STAT proteins are shuttled back to the cytosol from the nucleus3 (Figure 1, I). However, in numerous cancer-derived cell lines or in primary tumors, STAT proteins are persistently tyrosine phosphorylated.4 There are at least 6 STAT proteins involved in this complex signaling pathway. Among these STATs, STAT3 stands out by its constitutive activation in most human neoplasms.2,5 Activation of STAT3 is detected in solid tumors (breast, lung, head and neck [squamous cell carcinoma]; ovarian and pancreatic cancers; melanoma; hepatocellular carcinoma; cholangiocarcinoma; and prostate, endometrial, and cervical cancers) as well as in hematopoietic tumors (acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma).1,2,5-7 It has been demonstrated that STAT3 in tumor cells promotes cell growth and cell survival through the transcriptional up-regulation of target genes7 (eg, c-myc, bcl-xL, bcl-2, cyclin D1, VEGF), whose products promote cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and inhibition of apoptosis8 (Figure 1, J). It has been described that the inhibition of STAT3 function in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells increases apoptosis of these cells, suggesting that STAT3 is necessary for their survival.9,10 It is believed that STAT3 mediates its effects through the nuclear localized transcriptional activity. However, evidence for a cytoplasmic nontranscriptional role for STAT3 in cell motility and consequently in tumor invasion has accumulated and a direct effect of nonphosphorylated cytoplasmic STAT3 on cell motility through a nontranscriptional protein interaction mechanism has been recently demonstrated11,12 (Figure 2, A through E). STAT3's control of cell motility, in addition to its cell proliferation-promoting and antiapoptotic activities, directly contributes to its role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.8 In addition, STAT3 has been described as a component of focal adhesions (sites of cell contact with the extracellular matrix) that may contribute to the invasiveness of cancer cells13 (Figure 2, C). There is an unmet need to develop new treatment modalities for lung cancer. Molecular targets for treating cancer have been particularly difficult to develop because of the multiplicity of genetic mutations in cancer cells. Targeting 1 mutation at a time appears to be ineffective. Recently, however, it has been realized that genetic mutations in cancer often converge on central regulators: the transcription factors.5 New research is now pointing to STAT3 as a promising target for the development of a global anticancer therapy agent. To investigate the possible utility of STAT3 as a future therapeutic target in NSCLC and malignant mesothelioma (MM), we evaluated the presence of the inactive form of STAT3, the active phosphorylated form of STAT3 (pSTAT3), and the proliferation marker MIB-1. In NSCLC cases, the results were correlated with age, sex, grade, stage, smoking status, and survival.